
Enhancement and Intercomparison of CO2 and H2O Measurements from Soil and Canopy at Two AmeriFlux Sites
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This report synthesizes and describes the accomplishments of the objectives aimed at augmenting NIGEC efforts by providing a framework in which to interpret flux measurements of carbon sequestration from tall forest canopies: A major turbulent tracer micrometeorological experiment was performed at the Florida AmeriFlux site in a slash pine forest environment to augment and strengthen micrometeorological measurements and modeling of carbon, water and energy fluxes at the managed pine site near Gainesville, Florida to complement current ecological measurements efforts to validate existing footprint models (Lagrangian and analytical) for tall forest canopies by a tracer/turbulence experiment. This model validation enables flux experimentalists to assess both the contribution of individual scores upwind and the spatial extent contributed by sources upwind, for a range of atmospheric conditions, wind directions, measurement heights over tall canopies. This is of particular relevance when the terrain is characterized by a mosaic of sources/sinks of carbon i.e. for mixed forests, soil characteristics. These studies show conclusively that the given footprint models, in particular the Lagrangian model, can be used successfully for a wide range of environmental conditions and distinct canopies; an unexpected and important finding was that caution must be exerted when upwind surface properties far outside the footprint region differ from those in the footprint area. In these cases, strong vertical updrafts can be induced by the warner surface in low wind conditions leading to substantial errors in eddy-covariance carbon flux measurements. More work is required to fully document the impact of such features on carbon, water and energy fluxes.
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